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1
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2
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- Gang membership is one of the strongest independent predictors of
delinquency and violence.
- Gangs and gang violence affect entire communities from the youngest to
the oldest.
- Gang membership in adolescence predicts negative outcomes into
adulthood.
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3
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- To save lives - 1,232 gang homicides reported by a national sample of
law enforcement in 2002. Many
more lives are ruined.
- To save communities - Gangs contribute to a downward spiral in already
troubled communities.
- To save money - Economists estimate that each homicide incurs tangible
costs of over $1 million, not including costs associated with trial and
incarceration.
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4
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- The model was initially developed through OJJDP-funded research by Dr.
Irving Spergel and associates from 1987 to 1991.
- The State of Illinois tested the earliest version of the model in the
Little Village area of Chicago starting in 1992
- OJJDP has implemented the model in over 25 urban and rural locations
since 1995.
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5
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- Community Mobilization
- Social Intervention
- Opportunities Provision
- Suppression
- Organizational Change and Development
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6
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- Involvement of local citizens, youth, community groups, and agencies;
and coordination of programs and functions of staff within and across
agencies
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7
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- Youth serving agencies, schools, grassroots groups, faith-based and
other organizations providing social services to gang youth and their
families as identified through street outreach
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8
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- The development of a variety of educational, training and employment
programs or services targeted to gang youth and those at high-risk of
gang involvement
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9
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- Formal and informal social control procedures and accountability,
including close supervision or monitoring of gang youth by agencies of
the criminal justice system and also by community-based agencies,
schools and grass-roots groups
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10
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- Development and implementation of policies and procedures that result in
the most effective use of available and potential resources within and
across agencies
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11
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12
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- Selected evaluation results Riverside, CA:
- Reduction in serious violence arrests and other violence arrests for
program youth compared to the preprogram period.
- Program youth were three times as successful in reducing
serious-violence arrests as comparison youth. Also more successful in
reducing drug arrests.
- The highest reduction in total violence arrests occurred when probation
officers, police officers and outreach youth workers worked together
with job and school personnel in relation to particular youth.
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13
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- Selected evaluation results Mesa, AZ:
- Experienced an 18% greater reduction in arrests and significant
decreases self-reported offending among program youth compared to a
matched comparison group.
- Total incidents of youth crime decreased 10.4% more in the program area
than in three nearby comparison areas.
- Social intervention services were associated with educational
achievement among program youth.
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14
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- Selected evaluation results Little Village (Chicago, IL)
- Experienced a 35.4% increase in violent crime during program period
(mid-1990’s), but 6 comparable local police beats experienced an 82.4%
increase in the same period.
- Gang members in program reduced arrests and self-reported offending
significantly more than comparison youth.
- Community surveys before and after program showed reduced fear of
crime.
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15
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- Strategic planning involves a range of data collection and program
coordination activities.
- These include crime and gang crime analysis, an inventory of existing
services and resources, identification of gaps and areas for
improvement, and implementation of proven programs.
- OJJDP created the Strategic Planning Tool to assist in these activities.
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16
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- Online resource to support local decision making and planning for
comprehensive anti-gang programs involving strategies of prevention,
intervention, and suppression.
- Supports practical application of research findings on programs that
work and root causes of delinquency and gang activity (i.e., risk
factors).
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17
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18
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- Provides clear explanations of risk factors based on leading research.
- Easy-to-use links to risk factor indicators, data sources, and
associated programs.
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19
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20
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- Over 100 research-based programs that address gangs and general
delinquency and have demonstrated positive evaluation results.
- Programs are organized by the risk factors that they address and the age
groups that they serve.
- Can “drill down” to program information including the supporting
research references and “live” program contacts.
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21
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22
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23
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24
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- Allows each community to store and organize local data on:
- Existing local programs
- Financial resources
- Human resources
- Community infrastructure (e.g., businesses hospitals, schools, places
of worship, etc.)
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25
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26
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27
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- The Strategic Planning Tool is available online at
http://www.iir.com/nygc/tool/
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28
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- National Youth Gang Center Website http://www.iir.com/nygc/
- OJJDP Summary: Youth Gang Programs and Strategies (Howell, 2000) http://www.iir.com/nygc/PublicationLinks.htm#YGPI
- Addressing Community Gang Problems: A Practical Guide (BJA, 1998) http://www.iir.com/nygc/PublicationLinks.htm#CAYG
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Notes
