Costa Rica, the second smallest nation in Central America, was discovered by explorer Christopher Columbus in 1502. Its namesake, Costa Rica, translates into “rich coast” in Spanish, and probably alludes to the gold jewelry that was worn by native Indians. Slightly smaller than West Virginia, it has a population of 4.1 million. San Jose’ is its capital and largest city.
For 300 years, the nation was ruled by Spain. In 1821, Mexico warred with Spain, causing a split among the Central American nations. In 1823, Costa Rica, along with 4 other Central American States—El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua—formed the United Provinces of Central America. In 1838, Costa Rica became an independent republic.
Most of the population have Spanish heritage. Less than 5 percent of the population are Black, and are most likely descended from runaway slaves who escaped from the Caribbean. There are also Indians, who have lived in Costa Rica since its beginnings.
Spanish is the official language of Costa Rica, but an increasing number of Costa Ricans also speak English.
The majority of the population is Roman Catholic. Evangelicalism is becoming increasingly popular in the religious community.
Costa Rica is one of the most literate nations in Central America. Approximately 95 percent of the population is literate.
Futbol, or soccer, is the most popular sport. Less popular sports are basketball and baseball. Bullfighting is also popular.
Costa Rica has a tropical climate, with two seasons. The rainy season lasts from May to November, and the dry season lasts from December to April.
Although manufacturing has surpassed agriculture economically, Costa Rica still profits from coffee and bananas. Sugarcane, corn, beans, and cattle raising also provide economic growth for the nation.
Costa Rica has a democratic republic governing system. The President, who is elected for a single 4-year term, is the head of state and government.
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